How Poverty Perpetuates Social Exclusion

It is identified that social exclusion and poverty both are interrelated concept because people are living in poverty and their income and various other resources such as material, cultural and social are not fulfilling a standard of living that is accepted by Irish society generally (Musterd and Ostendorf, 2013). As a result of inadequate income and assessment of resources, people may be excluded and marginalized from participating various operations of particular society. The current essay presents several aspects of social exclusion and impact of poverty in social exclusion process. In this process, essay analysis various facts in order to assess wide range of information about social exclusion. But, the poverty can be considered as key factor of social exclusion.

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Aspects of social exclusion

There are several aspects of social exclusion such as attitude and social practices that leads social exclusion in society. Firstly, Mobilisation of institutional bias is one of the most important aspect of social exclusion (Copeland and Daly, 2012). It refers to the existence of predominant set of values, beliefs, rituals and institutional along with social procedures that are generally used systematically and consistently in order to provide extra benefits of certain persons and groups  etc. This mechanism is based on without any conscious decisions by particular person that represent a group of special status quo (Social exclusion and Poverty, 2015). In this regards, avoidance of views of people belongs from other status quo reflects social exclusion.

Secondly, Social closure is one the most important aspect of social rejection. It can be considered as process in which social collectivities and high end people makes efforts in order  to maximize rewards by restricting accession for wide range of resources and opportunities to a limited circle of eligible and group of people (Cross and Et.al., 2012). It also includes monopolisation of some particular opportunities on the basis of group attributes in the form of race, language, social origin, income and religion. Furthermore, State institutions are also playing significant role in the process of  exclusion when discrimination is identified in the laws, policies and other regulations for the benefit of particular group. In some system, social system is greatly influenced and decided by people’s position in society based on heredity (Atkinson, 2009). This attribute is playing key role in order to influence social rejection of people.

Lastly, Unruly practices influences social exclusion in society. It refers as gaps identified between formation rules and their implementation. Institutions unofficially carry on exclusion process when public sector workers encounter the partiality from their society through their position (Stanley and et.al., 2011.). It can be considered as some important kind of discrimination that leads social exclusion.

Exclusionary processes are not only based on lower levels of a social hierarchy but also in can occur at different social levels and parts of society (POVERTY & SOCIAL EXCLUSION PROOFING STATEMENT, 2015). There are several marginalization, disadvantage and discrimination addressed by people due to irrespective of poverty. Furthermore, social exclusion can be considered as an important concept in aiding the understanding of social processes and various negative outcomes such as conflict.

Factors of poverty of influence Social exclusion

Poverty has often been identified as main cause of social exclusion. In this regards, various policy makers makes efforts in order to manage this situation to ensure that individuals and  social communities are not discriminated with reference to other members and communities of a society (Collins, 2014). Further more, it has been analyzed that inequality is one the most important collection of disparities that are identified in distribution and allocation of  wide range of resources among different individuals belong from a particular society. The inequalities in the allocation and distribution of incomes between the rich and the poor also leads social exclusion. There is some other type of inequalities between the rich and the poor identified in the form of  minimum wage rates (Shucksmith, 2012). It plays significant role in social exclusion. These economic inequalities are greatly affecting the consumption of commodities and assessment of wide range of resources in the both from quality and quantity by individuals and their families.  Income of individuals  determines capacity to purchases of basic along with high end luxury good and services. However, those who have low income are generally limited to the purchase of basic food stuffs along with housing units (Betti and Lemmi, 2013). It leaves less disposable income for further purchases. On the other h and, persons with high income levels can easily assess both basic needs and  other requirements  such as leisure activities. Therefore, social inequality is considered as one of the most important aspects that include a variety of inequalities and discrimination in determination of social classes and status (Devicienti and Poggi, 2011). Furthermore, social inequality is intertwined with social exclusion.

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Before discussing further lets also discuss about the social environment and social Darwinism:

Social environment refers to the factors which are interrelated with each other including culture, relationships, physical structure and institution. It is the social setting in which human develop themselves for their survival. It includes social norms, safety, social cohesion and perceptions of the individuals in the society.

Social Darwinism refers to the theory that group of living beings and races are followed by the equal laws which is known as natural selection. In context to social environment, it mainly justifies racism, social inequality, imperialism and eugenics. It creates differences in the society because power and wealth increases of people who are strong and power and wealth reduces of weaker humans.

Social environment need positive changes which are carried out by today's youth as they contribute their efforts for the betterment of society. They identify the current problems faced by social environment and implement new changes with the help of their capabilities and innovations, creative and upgraded ideas.

Human beings affect the environment which includes the activities like depleting fossil fuels, overpopulation, deforestation and different types of pollution. Humans are the strongest link to nature as they are the major part of environment. Human beings are responsible for disturbing the atmosphere with activities like pollution, wastages and exploitation of resources. To reduce the impact of biodiversity depletion, people need to focus on utilisation of resources which are non renewable. They need to plant more trees, organise camps and events to spread the awareness which make environment greener and cleaner. Humans should respect the coexisting species and save the resources and nature for future generation.

Positive attitude towards social environment helps in reducing poverty in the world. With the help of advanced and upgraded technology people generate new opportunities which leads to employment. People need to stop the wastage of resources as it leads to poverty. Unequal distribution and wastage of resources lead to poverty which results in starvation. Government started many programmes for people living below poverty line which contributes in stopping starvation. These programs and policies make social environment more positive and healthy for all the diversities.

To make world a better place for human beings, necessary changes should be carried out in the social environment. Problems like girl child and gender wage gap should be focused by government of UK because it creates disturbance in the society. Government started various programs like 'save girl child' which promotes gender equality and child care among the people of country. Organisations should provide equal rights and wages to both male and females which motivates the workforce. People should change their mind set and provide equal status to both men and women.

Social environment consists of various cultural, religious and political behaviour components which affect the growth of country. Culture affect the knowledge of people because it plays vital role in shaping the mind-set of people. Culture influence the way of learning, social interaction and way of communication. People behave according to their culture because it affects ability of data collection due to differences in language and backgrounds. People only want to gain knowledge which is appropriate according to their culture.

Children are the upcoming generation who will become asset for the society with their advanced and upgraded knowledge and skills. Parents and schools should inculcate good manners and values in their children. To promote healthier lifestyle, fast food should be eliminated from the schools because fast food includes junk elements which is harmful for students. Schools can offer various healthy alternative meals for their students which improves their stamina. Due to junk element, students may suffer from health issues which results in low immunity and poor health rate creates negative impact on the society.

Most of the organizations think pressure groups are an organized group but pressure results in fatigue. People who perform task with free mind achieve more success in comparison to pressurized people. Pressure reduces the potential level of people which results in failure. Organisations should provide some flexibility to employees so that they feel relaxed at the workplace. Employees with relaxed mind can achieve goals and targets in effective manner.

Social environment includes various democratic, political and cultural information which can be shared effectively through media. Media plays important roles in life of citizens because it helps in sharing information and news in the society. Media highlights various crucial topics which are mandatory for citizens to analyse all the current situations and take necessary actions for its welfare. Many social and political campaigns are carried out for the welfare of society with the help of media.

Animals are the important part of environment who deserves equal respect in the society. People should avoid keeping animals in captivity as it suppresses their natural freedom. Society should allow them to live in their free habitat which reduces their depression level due to freedom. Captivity results in bar-biting, swaying and excessive licking which is negative behaviour of animals. Insufficient space and insufficient diet can create health issues for them which can increase death rate of animals.

In addition to that social exclusion cannot be restricted to material poverty of an individual, person and a particular community that include different aspects and elements of social disadvantages (Beall, Crankshaw and Parnell, 2013). The major causes of social exclusion are not be limited to social disadvantages that are associated with poverty. It is not an end in itself in significant time period but act as a process. Social exclusion is not a result of an action but it is also considered as action itself. It contains dynamic nature so as it is relatively difficult to manage comparison the relationship between different issues that lead to exclusion over a long duration in society (Marlier and Atkinson, 2010). Considering that social exclusion is a process, different individuals and communities in the society find themselves in different situation of the social exclusion process at a particular time.

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In the context of social exclusion, there are kinds of poverty identified such as  absolute (subsistence)poverty and relative (overall) poverty. Absolute poverty can be termed as the lack of sufficient and basic resources to meet basic requirement in the form of water, shelter,food, as well as clothing. Relative poverty is also considered as a standard of living (Beall, Crankshaw and Parnell, 2013). It is based on society of an individual and standard of living which is varied in different nations. Furthermore, there are several factors assessed that leads poverty and social exclusion. It includes major issues such as unemployment, poor skills and ability, low earnings, lack of efficient housing, criminal environment, health issues etc. All these factors are mainly influenced by poverty (Poverty and social exclusion in Britains, 2000). It also promotes various issues related to social exclusion such as inability to participate in economic, social, political and cultural life. It leads distance from the mainstream of society.

It has been analyzed that poverty can be considered as most important cause of crimes. In developed nations, criminal activities are largely tangled with social exclusion. The nature of major industrialized economies is capitalistic that means most of production operations are controlled by a few individuals (Beall, Crankshaw and Parnell, 2013). The primary aim of capitalist organization is profit so as businesses are not providing proper care to their workers. These companies always make efforts to increase productivity of worker to enhance revenue level. This approach leaves the workers overworked, less paid and unappreciated. So, the growth crime rate in developed nations can be considered by the inability of people to feel appreciated and well paid (Marlier and Atkinson, 2010). The numbers of people and workers who feel undervalued are quickly enhancing. In addition to that huge exploitation by the system and private companies, these socially excluded people are not able manage the increment in cost of living. Furthermore, people cannot assess positive outcomes of growth in economy such as increase in income. All these factors create huge impact on social exclusion and standard of living.

There are four types of dimensions identified of social exclusion such as impoverishment, or exclusion from adequate income or resources, labour market exclusion, service exclusion along with exclusion from social relations (Rugg, 2014). In the context of labour market exclusion, Individual and household exclusion are considered as most important elements for different reasons. Individual attachment to the labour market is progressively held to be essential not only for an  adequate income but also paid work provides wide range of social contact and social communication (Bak and Larsen, 2014). So, Individuals are not having any paid work may be termed as socially excluded, whether or not they live with other individuals or paid worker and whether or not the household is poor. So, unemployment leads poverty and also influences different aspects of social exclusion. Furthermore, disability is also mainly correlated with inactivity. Individuals who are suffering form long term illness that consider as half likely to be paid work. In addition  to that living in a jobless households is also influenced social exclusion. Do you want to free yourself from all your pending homework? Then stop wasting time and opt our Homework Help services from top experts.

In the context of social exclusion, service exclusion can be termed as lack of assess to basic services whether in the home or outside the home such as power, water supplies, transportation and financial services (Devicienti and Poggi, 2011). Utility disconnections reflect that an individual does not has efficient buying capacity that has restricted to people in order to avoid these services. It also influences social exclusion because an individual cannot assess basic services for organization. Furthermore, evaluation of social relationship and social participation among household population also provide important information about different aspects of social rejection. It determines link between different aspects such as poverty, joblessness and service exclusion (Social exclusion and Poverty, 2015). On the basis of these factors,  some other elements are identified in evaluation of exclusion from social relations that can be considered as non-participation in common social activities, isolation , lack of support along with disengagement. All these factors create huge impact on social exclusion process along with poverty.

There are several inequalities identified on the basis income growth, living standards, work and age along with health system. All these factors are influenced by the distribution of different elements such as money, power and resources at mulinationnal, national and local levels (Musterd and Ostendorf, 2013). All these factors are greatly influenced by policy choices and government strategies. So, inequality is greatly dependent on distribution of wide range of attributes across the whole population of particular area. Inequalities can be described as economic or social in nature. Economic inequality is based on inappropriate distribution of monetary resources such as assets and income within a population (Shucksmith, 2012). It also influences consumption and an individual capabilities to purchase wide range of goods and services by individuals and households. The most simplest element that can be used to evaluate economic inequality such as sorts the population from poorest to richest and examines the percentage of expenditure. So, the variations in income and expenditure of people also indicates social exclusion of people (POVERTY & SOCIAL EXCLUSION PROOFING STATEMENT, 2015). Social inequality considers wide  range of inequalities based on quality of life of individual along with living conditions. But, the poverty is greatly influenced by different social inequalities such as employment and work conditions, education level, assessment to social protection, housing and participation. By evaluating these social and economic inequalities,  different aspects of social exclusion can be identified.

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With reference economic and social inequalities, social exclusion can be considered as   complex and mulch-dimensional process (Copeland and Daly, 2012). It includes the lack or denial of  many types of resources, human rights, goods and services along with inability to take part in the normal relationships and social activities that are available to the majority of people in a society based of different economic, social, cultural or political arenas. It affects both the quality of life of individuals as well as participation in organization. So, poverty can be considered as major cause of social exclusion.

There are several strategies developed by government authorities with the help of various  private organization in order to resolve the problems of social exclusion (Social exclusion, 2015). In this regards, different strategies are used for community development, building of efficient environment, youth development, facilitation of efficient education, increment in family support and childcare as well as economic development. The main objectives of all these elements are tackling of poverty and  reduction in social exclusion. In the process of community development, government develops wide range of rules and legal regulations such as minimum wages act, social protection act etc. that ensure about minimum earning of an individual from which an individual can easily meet its day to day requirement (Beall, Crankshaw and Parnell, 2013).  It increases purchase capacity of people. By developing an efficient equality act, public authorities can avoid problem of inequalities that play important role in management of poverty. By reducing poverty, government can reduce negative impact of social exclusion.

In this regards, public authority can arrange wide range of youth development activities such as training for developing of professional skills among individual in particular area, brains storming of young age criminals along with creation of crime free environment that play important role in youth development (Devicienti and Poggi, 2011). All these factors improve earning capabilities of an individual and increase the demand in labor market. Furthermore, facilitation of efficient education is also providing good benefits in context of social exclusion. By arranging proper education facilities for children belongs from low income families, children can build specific image that would play significant role in social inclusion. In addition to that economic development also influences process of social inclusion in which social excluded people can manage strong relationship with national growth stream (Beall, Crankshaw and Parnell, 2013). In this regards, government agencies have to provide proper employment opportunities that will increase earning capacity of people. It also increases social involvement  of people within various social group and society.

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CONCLUSION

The above essay concludes that social exclusion is a very complex phenom which is based on several factors such as inequalities, poverty, government rules, social relationship and economic growth of nation etc. It has addressed that poverty is key a factor for social exclusion because it affects negatively on standard of living and influences criminal activities. All these factors reduce involvement of an individual or group of people among various operations of particular society and social group.  It has concluded that social exclusion affects individual's social interaction with various other groups and earning capabilities. This essay has addressed that social exclusion can be controlled by  community development, youth development and many other strategies.

REFERENCES

• Bak, C. K. and Larsen, J. E., 2014. Social exclusion or poverty individualisation? An empirical test of two recent and competing poverty theories. European Journal of Social Work.
• Copeland, P. and Daly, M., 2012. Varieties of poverty reduction: Inserting the poverty and social exclusion target into Europe 2020. Journal of European Social Policy. 22(3).
• Cross, W. and Et.al., 2012. Editorial: Meeting the health care needs associated with poverty, homelessness and social exclusion: the need for an interprofessional approach. Journal of clinical nursing. 21(7‐8).
• Devicienti, F. and Poggi, A., 2011. Poverty and social exclusion: two sides of the same coin or dynamically interrelated processes?. Applied Economics. 43(25). .
• Marlier, E. and Atkinson, A. B., 2010. Indicators of poverty and social exclusion in a global context. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 29(2).
• Rugg, J., 2014. Poverty and social exclusion. Twentieth-Century Britain: Economic, Cultural and Social Change. pp.308-322.
• Shucksmith, M., 2012. Class, power and inequality in rural areas: beyond social exclusion?. Sociologia ruralis. 52(4).
• Stanley, J. and et.al., 2011. Social exclusion and the value of mobility. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy.

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